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Table 1 Characteristics of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital between March 2020 and July 2021

From: Comparison between high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) alternated with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and HFNO and NIV alone in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study

 

All patients

NIV group

HFNO group

NIV + HFNO group

P value

Absolute and relative frequencies, n (%)

266

92 (34.5)

31 (11.6)

143 (53.8)

 

Age (years), median (IQR)

62 (49–73)

64 (49–79)

62 (55–71)

62 (48–72)

0.615

Sex, n (%)

Male

185 (69.5)

59 (31.9)

22 (11.9)

104 (56.2)

0.370

Female

81 (30.4)

33 (40.7)

9 (11.1)

39 (48.1)

 

Comorbidities, n (%)

COPD

13 (4.9)

5 (38.4)

1 (7.7)

7 (53.8)

0.885

Asthma

15 (5.6)

5 (33.3)

0 (0)

10 (66.6)

0.308

Heart failure

11 (4.1)

6 (54.5)†

4 (36.3)†

1 (9)

0.003

Arterial hypertension

166 (62.4)

55 (33.1)

20 (12)

91 (54.8)

0.810

Diabetes mellitus

85 (31.9)

32 (37.6)

15 (17.6)

38 (44.7)#

0.048

Kidney failure

21 (7.9)

10 (47.6)

4 (19)

7 (33.3)

0.138

Dementia

8 (3)

7 (87.5)†#

0 (0)

1 (12.5)

0.006

Other comorbidities

169 (60.5)

62 (36.7)

16 (9.4)

91 (53.8)

0.463

SAPS-3 score, median (IQR)a

48 (43–54)

47 (44–54)

45.5 (42–49)

49 (44–54)

0.076

BMI, n (%)

 < 30 kg/m2

113 (42.5)

41 (36.2)

12 (10.6)

60 (53.9)

0.446

 ≥ 30.0 kg/m2

91 (34.2)

26 (28.6)

13 (14.2)

52 (57.1)

 

Clinical parameters

Time from symptom onset to hospital admission, n (%)

     

0–10 days

132 (49.6)

45 (34.1)

16 (12.1)

71 (53.7)

0.052

11–20 days

10 (3.8)

2 (20)

4 (40)

4 (40)

 

21– > 30 days

5 (1.5)

1 (20)

2 (40)

2 (40)

 

Chest CT score, n (%)

0%–25%

15 (5.6)

6 (40)

1 (6.6)

8 (53.3)

0.038

26%–50%

164 (61.6)

62 (37.8)

19 (11.5)

83 (50.6)

 

 > 50%

60 (22.6)

8 (13.3)

9 (15)

43 (71.6)*#

 

Undetermined

3 (1.1)

1 (33.3)

0 (0)

2 (66.6)

 

Normal CT scan

24 (9)

    

SpO2/FiO2, median (IQR)

251 [111–356]

271 [118–365]

317 [254 – 420]

229 [102 – 317] #

0.001

RR, median (IQR)

20 [18–25]

20 [19–24]

20 [17–21]

21 [18–26]

0.178

ROX, median (IQR)

11.2 [5.4–18.5]

12.3 [5.2–19.4]

16.8 [11–22.4]

9.3 [4.9–15.8] #

0.002

Concomitant medications, n (%)

Azithromycin

140 (52.6)

49 (35)#

23 (16)

68 (48.5)#

0.026

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

38 (14.3)

16 (42.1)#

10 (26.3)

12 (31.6)#

0.002

Dexamethasone

236 (88.7)

80 (33.9)#

20 (8.4)

136 (57.6)*#

 < 0.001

Kidney replacement therapy for acute kidney injury (dialysis), n (%)

71 (26.7)

22 (31)

5 (7)

44 (62)

0.259

  1. The descriptive analysis of the data is presented as absolute frequencies (n) and percentages according to the group except where indicated otherwise. Bonferroni multiple comparison tests were done for proportions or continuous variables, as appropriate
  2. NIV non-invasive ventilation HFNO high-flow nasal oxygen, IQR interquartile range, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SAPS Simplified Acute Physiology Score, BMI body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), CT computed tomography, SpO2/FiO2 peripheral oxygen saturation to inspired oxygen fraction ratio, RR respiratory rate, ROX Respiratory rate–OXygentation index
  3. *Versus the NIV group
  4. #Versus the HFNO group
  5. †Versus the NIV + HFNO group
  6. aSAPS-3 estimates the probability of mortality for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) on admission using patient characteristics, indication for ICU admission, and physiologic derangement on ICU admission
  7. bData on comorbidities were obtained from the medical records
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European Journal of Medical Research

ISSN: 2047-783X

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