Variables | No. (%) of HIV-positive study participants | |
---|---|---|
aUnadjusted β (95% CI), p value | bAdjusted β (95% CI), p value | |
Gender, female n (%) | 1331,151(− 74,213 to 85,999), p = 0.885 | – |
Age (in years) | 2,705 (− 1,202 to 6,433), p = 154 | – |
Residence | Â | Â |
 Rural | 1 | – |
 Urban | − 32,293(− 129,499 to 64,914), p = 0.513 | – |
Marital status | Â | Â |
 Single | 1 | 1 |
 Married | − 64,128.9 (− 151,439.3 to 231,81.6), p = 149 | − 22,735(− 51,558 to 6,087), p = 0.120 |
 Divorced/widowed | − 132,069.98 (− 252,174 to − 11,966), p = 0.031 | − 10,167(− 42,010 to 21,677), p = 0.527 |
Education level | Â | Â |
 Illiterate | 1 | – |
 Elementary school | − 28,330 (− 117,372 to 60,712), p = 0.531 | – |
 Secondary school and above | 107,888 (− 235,016 to 19,239), p = 0.096 | – |
Monthly income level | ||
 Low | 1 | 1 |
 Middle | − 46,029 (− 134,309 to 42,250), p = 0.305 | 21,741(− 7,068 to 50,551), p = 0.137 |
 High | − 145,752 (− 252,146 to − 39,359), p = 0.008 | − 5,533(− 35,480 to 24,414), p = 714 |
BMI (kg/m2) | − 39,453 (− 52,301 to − 26,604), p < 0.001 | 776(− 4,093 to 5,644), p = 0.752 |
H. pylori infection | Â | Â |
 Negative | 1 | 1 |
 Positive | − 108,027 (− 186,470 to − 29,586), p = 0.007 | − 20,929(− 45,503 to 3,644), p = 0.094 |
Alcohol intake | Â | Â |
 No | 1 | – |
 Yes | 57,554 (− 32,550 to 147,657), p = 0.209 | – |
Smoking habit | Â | Â |
 No | 1 | – |
 Yes | − 66,451 (− 168,565 to 35,664), p = 201 | – |
Khat chewing habit | Â | Â |
 No | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 146,158 (18,982 to 273,335), p = 0.025 | 23.322 (− 14,820 to 61,465), p = 0.227 |
WHO clinical stage of HIV | Â | Â |
 Stage I | 1 | 1 |
 Stage II | 4,534 (− 20,593 to 29,661), p = 0.721 | − 8,643(− 46,412 to 29,126), p = 0.650 |
 Stage III | 24,365 (− 4,782 to 53,513), p = 0.100 | 432 (− 48,453 to 49,316), p = 0.986 |
 Stage IV | 158,744 (117,243 to 200,246), p < 0.001 | 115,464(49,338 to 181,590), p < 0.001 |
CD4+ T cell count (cells/µl) |  |  |
  < 200 | 1 | 1 |
 200–500 | − 301,721 (− 382,054 to − 221,388), p < 0.001 | − 55,118(− 91,424 to − 18,812), p = 0.003 |
  > 500 | − 370,605 (− 460,321 to − 280,889), p < 0.001 | − 49,324(− 91,609 to 7,039), p = 0.023 |
ART status | Â | Â |
 ART-naïve | 1 | – |
 On ART | − 239,674 (− 311,286 to − 168,061), p < 0.001 | – |
Duration on ART | − 160 (− 492 to 172), p = 0.341 | – |
Duration of ART | Â | Â |
  < 3 years | 1 | – |
 ≥ 3 years | − 19,847 (− 46,207 to 6,513), p = 0.138 | – |