Fig. 3

Point diagrams and a funnel chart were utilized to demonstrate the causative relationship of UC and CD with sarcopenia. This encompassed studies on the impact of UC on sarcopenia (A, B) and the influence of CD on sarcopenia (C, D). Analyses were performed employing traditional IVW, simple mode, MR Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode methods. The slope of each line represents the estimated MR impact per technique. A funnel chart was used to assess the dispersion or heterogeneity of the data. The azure line characterizes the IVW prediction, while the deep blue line exhibits the MR-Egger prediction