Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis of RFS and OS in the cohort after PSM

Gender

(Male vs female)

0.95

0.55–1.66

0.869

0.62

0.33–1.18

0.143

Age(years)

(< = 55 vs > 55)

1.47

0.76–2.84

0.253

2.39

1.20–4.75

0.013

2.33

1.17–4.64

0.016

Pathological diagnosis

Ductal adenocarcinoma

Ref.

Ref.

Acinar cell carcinoma

0.64

0.21–1.90

0.420

1.07

0.40–2.80

0.890

1.25

0.46–3.40

0.654

Other

0.92

0.49–1.73

0.810

0.32

0.14–0.72

0.006

0.33

0.14–0.77

0.010

Tumor differentiation

Low

Ref.

Ref.

Moderate

0.77

0.43–1.39

0.402

0.75

0.40–1.41

0.380

High

1.04

0.41–2.60

0.932

0.53

0.15–1.81

0.313

Tumor size(cm)

(< = 5.00 vs > 5.00)

0.89

0.49–1.61

0.706

0.58

0.29–1.18

0.132

Microvascular invasion

(Absence vs presence)

0.98

0.54–1.77

0.951

0.65

0.35–1.21

0.176

Nerve invasion

(Absence vs presence)

1.14

0.57–2.28

0.719

1.08

0.50–2.34

0.852

Preoperative Ca19-9(u/ml)

(≤ 37.00 vs > 37.00)

1.55

0.79–3.04

0.201

1.61

0.77–3.35

0.205

Preoperative CEA(ng/mL)

(≤ 5.00 vs > 5.00)

1.34

0.77–2.33

0.294

1.24

0.70–2.20

0.465

Preoperative TBIL(umol/L)

(≤ 17.10 vs > 17.10)

1.78

0.99–3.18

0.053

1.32

0.72–2.43

0.373

Tumor location

(Head and neck of pancreas vs Body and tail of pancreas)

1.65

0.70–3.87

0.252

0.80

0.38–1.67

0.547

AJCC 8th stage

I(T₁N₀M_0, T₂N₀M₀)

Ref.

Ref.

II(T₃N₀M_0, T_1~3N₁M₀)

1.21

0.63–2.32

0.549

1.20

0.63–2.30

0.566

0.87

0.44–1.70

0.690

III(T₄N_0~2M_0, T_1~4N₂M₀)

2.11

1.01–4.40

0.046

1.83

0.87–3.86

0.110

1.36

0.66–2.78

0.394

Lymphatic metastasis

(Absence vs presence)

2.28

1.28–4.06

0.005

2.75

1.52–4.95

0.001

1.97

1.04–3.74

0.037

1.90

1.01–3.59

0.047

Surgical type

Open surgery

Ref

Ref

Laparoscopic surgery

2.27

1.21–4.25

0.010

2.17

1.16–4.06

0.015

2.19

1.05–4.58

0.036

2.11

1.00–4.48

0.050

da Vinci Surgical system

0.59

0.23–1.52

0.278

0.63

0.24–1.65

0.355

0.98

0.40–2.39

0.980

1.16

0.47–2.86

0.746

Revascularization

(Absence vs presence)

1.18

0.61–2.30

0.625

1.47

0.73–2.99

0.282

Operation time(min)

(≤ 180 vs > 180)

1.67

0.78–3.58

0.186

1.20

0.60–2.37

0.609

Amount of bleeding(mL)

(≤ 400 vs > 400)

2.11

1.20–3.71

0.009

2.12

1.19–3.79

0.011

1.31

0.71–2.40

0.389

Perioperative blood transfusion

(Absence vs presence)

1.61

0.93–2.78

0.090

1.01

0.56–1.80

0.979

Surgical margin

(R0 vs R1/R2)

2.42

1.21–4.87

0.013

2.42

1.17–5.01

0.017

1.55

0.77–3.15

0.222

Postoperative pancreatic fistula

(Absence vs presence)

1.03

0.55–1.93

0.938

1.70

0.91–3.19

0.095

Hospitalization time (days)

(≤ 14 vs > 14)

1.17

0.63–2.17

0.610

0.67

0.34–1.33

0.259