The effect of nanomaterials on embryonic stem cell neural differentiation: a systematic review

Rahimi Darehbagh, Ramyar; Mahmoodi, Mozaffar; Amini, Nader; Babahajiani, Media; Allavaisie, Azra; Moradi, Yousef

doi:10.1186/s40001-023-01546-0

European Journal of Medical Research

Table 2 Effect of nanomaterials on embryonic stem cell neural differentiation

From: The effect of nanomaterials on embryonic stem cell neural differentiation: a systematic review

Resulted neuron type	Neuronal expression marker check	Differentiation review technique	Impact on differentiations	Biomaterial				Nanostructure	Source of cells	Year of publication	Authors’ name	References
Resulted neuron type	Neuronal expression marker check	Differentiation review technique	Impact on differentiations	Composite	Polymers	Ceramic	Metal	Nanostructure	Source of cells	Year of publication	Authors’ name	References
Not mentioned	Β3-Tubulin	ICC^a	Indirect	PAA-g-CNT^d	–	–	–	2D nanofilm	hESC	2009	C. Wang, et al	[18]
		CLSM^b
		SEM^c
Not mentioned	Nestin	ICC	Direct	Collagen/CNT	–	–	–	1D nanofiber	hESC	2009	R. Wang, et al	[19]
		AFM^e
		PCM^f
Neural precursors	Β3-Tubulin	ICC	Indirect	–	PCL	–	–	1D nanofiber	mESC^h	2009	S. E. Sakiyama-Elbert, et al	[20]
early neurons	Nestin	ICC
oligodendrocytes	GFAP	ICC
astrocytes	O4	ICC
Motor neurons	Synapsin I	ICC	Direct	PMAA-g-CNTⁱ	–	–	–	1D nanofiber	hESC	2010	T. I. Chao, et al	[21]
	Β3-Tubulin	CLSM
	Oct4↓	SEM
Neural progenitors mature neurons	Β3-Tubulin	ICC PCM RT-PCR^j	Indirect	PLLA^k-g-heparin	–	–	–	1D nanofiber	hESC	2010	H. J. Lam	[22]
	Nestin
	GFAP
	NES
	SOX2
	TUBB3
	NEF3
	Tyrosine-hydroxylase
	Oct4↓
	Nanog↓
Mature neurons	Β3-Tubulin	ICC SEM CLSM RT-PCR	Direct	–_	Polyurethane acrylate	–	–	3D nanoscale ridge/groove pattern arrays	hESC	2010	M. R. Lee, K. W. Kwon	[23]
	Tuj1
	Nestin
	MAP2
	HuC/D
	NeuroD1
	Oct4↓
	Pdx1 ↓
	Brachyury ↓
	GATA6↓
	DCN↓
Not mentioned	Β3-Tubulin	ICC SEM CLSM	Indirect	Silk–CNT	–	–	–	3D composite scaffolds	hESC	2012	C. S. Chen	[24]
Not mentioned	Nestin	ICC SEM CLSM	Indirect	Silk–CNT	–	–	–	3D composite scaffolds	hESC	2012	C. S. Chen	[24]
Oligodendrocytes mature neurons	Β3-Tubulin	ICC ICC ICC	Indirect	Activated charcoal/collagen/chitosan	_	Activated charcoal	–	3D composite scaffolds	hESC	2012	E. Y. T. Chen	[25]
	Tuj1
	peripherin
	Nestin
	MAP2
	MBP	SEM
	Olig-2
	Neurofilament
	Pax6
	FM1-43
Not mentioned	MAP2	ICC SEM RT-PCR	Indirect	PLLA-g-CNT	–	–	–	1D nanofiber	mESC	2012	M. Kabiri	[26]
	Nestin
	Β3-Tubulin
	NSE
Mature neurons	Β3-Tubulin	ICC SEM	Indirect	PLLA-g-YIGSR peptide	–	–	–	1D nanofiber	mESC	2013	L. A. Smith Callahan	[27]
	Pax6
	Nestin
	TUJ1
	MAP2
	Oct4↓
Mature neurons	Β3-Tubulin	ICC FCM SEM RT-PCR	Indirect	MWCNT–PE^l	–	–	–	3D composite scaffolds	mESC	2013	R. Zang	[28]
	Tuj1
	Nurr1
	Nestin
	Oct4↓
Motor neurons	Hb9	ICC SEM RT-PCR	Indirect	–	–	Mesoporous silica	–	0D nanoparticles	mESC	2014	A. E. Garcia-Bennett	[29]
	Islet1
	Islet2
	Lhx1
	Lhx3
	Hoxc5/8
	ChAT
Dopamine neurons	TH MAP2	ICC	Indirect	–	–	Graphene oxide	–	0D nanoparticles	mESC	2014	D. H. Yang	[30]
		SEM
		RT-PCR
Motor and sensory neurons	MAP2	ICC FCM SEM	Indirect	XCA/mag^m	XCA	–	–	3D composite scaffolds	mESC	2015	T. Glaser	[31]
	Tuj1
	Islet1
	Pax6
Reduction of viability and neural differentiation	Β3-Tubulin	ICC PCM	Negative effect	–	–	–	Fe₂O₃	0D nanoparticles	mESC	2015	A. A. Rostami	[32]
Mature neurons oligodendrocytes astrocytes	Islet1 Islet2 Lim1 Lim2 Nkx6 Pax6 olig2 Gfap Nse Omg MAP2 Nestin↓	ICC SEM RT-PCR	Indirect	–	PCL	–	–	1D nanofiber	mESC	2016	N. Abbasi	[33]
Reduction of viability and neural differentiation	MAP2 AFP NESTIN NCAM BRACHYURY PITX2 LEFTY NODAL	ICC PCM RT-PCR	Negative effect	–	–	–	AuNPⁿ (1.5nm)	0D nanoparticles	hESC	2016	M. C. Senut	[34]
Not mentioned	Β3-Tubulin Tuj1 Oct4↓	ICC SEM RT-PCR	Indirect	–		Mesoporous silica	–	0D nanoparticles	mESC	2017	S. J. Park	[35]
Neural progenitors mature neurons Astrocytes oligodendrocyte	Β3-Tubulin Tuj1 GFAP O4 NESTIN Pax6 Oct4↓ Nanog↓	ICC CLSM SEM RT-PCR FCM	Indirect	–	PLGA	–	–	1D nanofiber	mESC	2017	L. E. Sperling	[36]
Dopaminergic neurons	MAP-2 TH Nurr1	ICC TEM RT-PCR FCM	Indirect	–	–	–	AuNP (30nm)	0D nanoparticles	mESC^o	2017	M. Wei	[37]
Neural progenitors mature neurons Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes dopaminergic neurons	Sox1 Pax6 Tubb3 Gap43 GFAP MAP-2 Th OLIG1 Cdh2 Syp Pou5f1↓ SSEA-1↓	ICC RT-PCR	Indirect	GYIGSR peptide-g-PCL	–	–	–	1D nanofiber	mESC	2018	E. A. Silantyeva	[38]
Not mentioned	Β3-Tubulin Tuj1 Oct4↓	ICC RT-PCR	Direct	–	–	–	MION^p	0D nanoparticles	mESC	2019	R. Dai	[39]
Not mentioned	Β3-Tubulin	ICC RT-PCR	Indirect	GNP–pMAG/pSS	–	–	–	3D composite scaffolds	mESC	2019	S. Zhang	[40]
Photoreceptor precursor cells	CRX Ki-67↓ Oct4↓	ICC RT-PCR SEM	Indirect		–	CNF^q/CNT	–	1D Nanofiber Nanotube	hESC	2020	Y. Chemla	[41]
Not mentioned	Β3-Tubulin NESTIN Flk1 Sox17 Oct4↓	ICC RT-PCR	Direct	AuNP–PMS/FGF2^r	–	–	–	3D composite scaffolds	mESC	2020	F. Yu	[42]
Mature neurons Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes	Β3-Tubulin NESTIN MAP-2 MBP GFAP	ICC RT-PCR	Indirect	GNP–pMAG/pSS	–	–	–	3D composite scaffolds	mESC	2020	S. Zhang	[43]
Significant retardation in differentiation	Sox2 Oct4 Nanog Gata6 Sox17 Mesp1 Brachyury T Fgf5 Krt14	ICC TEM RT-PCR FCM	Negative effect	–	–	Graphene	–	0D Quantum Dots	mESC	2021	T. Ku	[44]
Dopaminergic neurons	Th	ICC	Indirect	–	TDNs^s	–	–	3D composite	mESC	2021	M. Wei	[45]
	Nurr1	ICC
	Pitx3	RT-PCR
Not mentioned	Β3-Tubulin	ICC	Indirect	–	–	–	MNPs^t	0D nanoparticles	mESC	2022	A. T. Semeano	[46]
Not mentioned	NESTIN	RT-PCR	Indirect	–	–	–	MNPs^t	0D nanoparticles	mESC	2022	A. T. Semeano	[46]
Motor neurons	Olig2	ICC	Indirect	–	–	Layered double hydroxide	–	0D nanoparticles	mESC	2023	Y. Bai	[47]
	Nkx6.1
	Isl1
	Β3-Tubulin	RT-PCR
	HB9	FCM

^aImmunocytochemistry
^bConfocal microscope
^cScanning electron microscope
^dPoly (acrylic acid) grafted carbon nanotubes
^eAtomic force microscopy
^fPhase-contrast microscopy
^gFlow cytometry
^hMouse embryonic stem cells
ⁱPoly (methacrylic acid)-grafted CNT
^jReal-time polymerase chain reaction
^kPoly (l-lactic acid)
^lMultiwalled carbon nanotube-coated polyethylene
^mXanthan/magnetite nanoparticles
ⁿGold nanoparticles
^oThe TH promoter-engineered GFP reporter ESCs were constructed by introducing a TH promoter-derived GFP gene into mESCs
^pMagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
^qCarbon nanofibers
^rGold nanoparticles (AuNPs), poly(2-methacrylamido glucopyranose-co-3-sulfopropyl acrylate) (PMS), and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2)
^sTetrahedral DNA nanostructures
^tMagnetic nanoparticles

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ISSN: 2047-783X

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