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Table 1 Clinical, angiographic, haematologic, and medical history characteristics of the ischaemic heart failure patient combined with diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention according to monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio

From: Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio predicts poor outcomes in ischaemic heart failure patients combined with diabetes: a retrospective study

Characteristics

Total

(n = 1049)

Quartiles of MHR

P value

Quartile 1

(n = 265)

MHR

 < 0.33 (× 109/mmol)

Quartile2

(n = 261)

0.33 ≤ MHR

 < 0.46 (× 109/mmol)

Quartile3

(n = 261)

0.46 ≤ MHR < 0.62 (× 109/mmol)

Quartile4

(n = 262)

0.62 ≥ MHR

(× 109/mmol)

Gender, n (%)

      

 Male

813 (75.5)

222 (61.7)

280 (77.8)

311 (86.4)

224 (85.5)

 < 0.001

 Female

267 (24.7)

138 (38.3)

80 (22.2)

49 (13.6)

38 (14.5)

 

Age (years)

61.4 ± 10.7

62.2 ± 9.7

61.7 ± 10.9

60.9 ± 10.2

60.7 ± 11.9

0.307

Vital sigh

      

 SBP (mmHg)

124.8 ± 18.6

127.3 ± 18.6

124.5 ± 20.2

124.8 ± 18.5

122.4 ± 16.8

0.028

 DBP (mmHg)

73.3 ± 12.1

74.0 ± 13.0

72.7 ± 12.0

74.2 ± 12.5

72.1 ± 10.7

0.114

 HR (bpm)

74.4 ± 10.3

74.4 ± 10.3

73.5 ± 10.9

74.8 ± 10.7

74.9 ± 11.3

0.418

Body mass index(kg/m2)

28.9 ± 1.0

29.4 ± 0.9

29.1 ± 0.7

28.8 ± 0.7

28.2 ± 1.3

 < 0.001

Comorbidities, n (%)

      

 Hypertension

714 (68.1)

186 (70.2)

168 (64.4)

179 (68.6)

181 (69.1)

0.503

 Hypercholesterolemia

793 (75.6)

189 (71.3)

196 (75.1)

199 (76.3)

209 (79.8)

0.158

 Renal insufficiency

510 (48.6)

134 (50.6)

128 (49.0)

122 (46.7)

126 (48.1)

0.845

 Atrial fibrillation

57 (5.4)

14 (5.3)

15 (5.8)

17 (6.5)

11 (4.2)

0.698

History, n (%)

      

 Prior MI

250 (23.8)

68 (25.7)

60 (23.0)

62 (23.8)

60 (22.9)

0.869

 Prior PCI

124 (11.8)

30 (11.3)

34 (13.0)

34 (13.0)

26 (9.9)

0.638

 Prior stroke

134

33

38

27

36

0.499

NYHA class, n (%)

      

 I

102 (9.7)

29 (10.9)

24 (9.2)

30 (11.5)

19 (7.3)

0.626

 II

576 (54.9)

143 (54.0)

147 (56.3)

145 (55.6)

141 (53.8)

 

 III

332 (31.7)

87 (32.8)

79 (30.3)

77 (29.5)

89 (34.0)

 

 IV

39 (3.7)

6 (2.3)

11 (4.2)

9 (3.5)

13 (3.7)

 

Echocardiography

      

 LVDs (millimetre)

39.9 ± 7.8

39.5 ± 7.3

40.5 ± 8.0

39.5 ± 8.0

40.1 ± 7.9

0.414

 LVDd (millimetre)

53.9 ± 6.8

53.3 ± 6.2

54.4 ± 7.2

53.9 ± 7.0

53.9 ± 6.9

0.375

 LVEF (%)

44.7 ± 9.5

44.9 ± 9.1

44.3 ± 9.4

45.9 ± 9.9

43.7 ± 9.1

0.054

Angiographic data, n (%)

      

 LM disease

197 (18.8)

43 (16.2)

54 (20.7)

47 (18.0)

53 (20.2)

0.528

 Three‑vessel disease

611 (58.3)

141 (53.2)

159 (60.9)

156 (59.8)

155 (59.2)

0.289

 Chronic total occlusion

295 (28.1)

67 (25.3)

77 (29.5)

73 (28.0)

78 (29.8)

0.646

 Diffuse lesion

205 (19.5)

49 (18.5)

45 (17.2)

55 (21.1)

56 (21.418)

0.570

 In-stent restenosis

55 (5.2)

18 (6.8)

12 (4.6)

13 (5.0)

12 (4.6)

0.622

 SYNTAX score

22.0 ± 7.9

21.0 ± 7.1

22.4 ± 8.4

22.2 ± 7.6

22.5 ± 8.3

0.121

Procedural results

      

 Target vessel territory, n (%)

      

  LM

177 (16.9)

39 (14.7)

49 (18.8)

44 (16.9)

45 (17.2)

0.667

  LAD

779 (74.3)

195 (73.6)

200 (76.6)

189 (72.4)

195 (74.4)

0.730

  LCX

685 (65.3)

171 (64.5)

166 (63.6)

164 (62.8)

184 (70.2)

0.271

  RCA

710 (67.7)

175 (66.0)

185 (70.9)

184 (70.5)

166 (63.4)

0.192

 Complete revascularization, n (%)

624 (59.5)

165 (62.3)

162 (62.1)

148 (56.7)

149 (56.9)

0.369

 Number of stents

3.3 ± 1.5

3.3 ± 1.4

3.4 ± 1.4

3.4 ± 1.6

3.3 ± 1.5

0.571

Laboratory parameters

      

 Glucose (mmol/L)

9.0 ± 3.5

8.5 ± 3.2

9.1 ± 3.5

9.1 ± 3.4

9.3 ± 3.7

0.057

 HbA1c (%)

7.9 ± 1.4

7.8 ± 1.5

7.9 ± 1.4

7.9 ± 1.4

8.0 ± 1.4

0.457

 GA (%)

20.7 ± 5.2

20.7 ± 5.3

20.7 ± 5.3

20.7 ± 5.3

20.6 ± 5.1

0.990

 BNP (pg/ml)

334 (144,507)

308 (135,478)

300 (144,487)

337 (150,484)

373 (147,577)

0.164

 FBG (mg/dL)

3.6 ± 1.0

3.4 ± 0.7

3.5 ± 0.8

3.6 ± 1.0

3.9 ± 1.2

 < 0.001

 D-dimer

138 (87,204)

138 (83,193)

138 (84,191)

138 (81,212)

138 (103,226)

0.014

 INR

1.0 ± 0.1

1.0 ± 0.1

1.0 ± 0.1

1.0 ± 0.1

1.1 ± 0.1

0.008

 TC (mmol/L)

4.0 ± 1.1

4.02 ± 1.1

4.0 ± 1.1

3.9 ± 1.1

3.9 ± 1.1

0.005

 Triglyceride (mg/dL)

1.8 ± 1.3

1.7 ± 1.2

1.8 ± 1.3

1.9 ± 1.1

2.1 ± 1.6

0.003

 LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.4 ± 0.9

2.4 ± 1.0

2.4 ± 0.9

2.4 ± 0.9

2.3 ± 0.8

0.223

 HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.0 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.3

1.0 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.2

 < 0.001

 Total bilirubin (mg/dL)

0.8 ± 0.3

0.8 ± 0.3

0.7 ± 0.3

0.8 ± 0.4

0.7 ± 0.3

0.635

 Direct bilirubin (μmol/L)

4.1 ± 2.0

3.8 ± 1.9

4.2 ± 2.1

4.0 ± 2.0

4.2 ± 2.1

0.099

 ALT (U/L)

21 (15,32)

21 (14,29)

21 (14,31)

22 (14,31)

23 (15,38)

0.012

 AST (U/L)

20 (16,30)

20 (16,27)

19 (15,26)

20 (16,30)

24 (16,44)

0.002

 ALP (U/L)

78.4 ± 24.7

79.5 ± 24.5

78.5 ± 28.7

78.9 ± 23.0

77.0 ± 22.2

0.686

 GGT (U/L)

30.7 ± 17.4

28.8 ± 17.0

31.0 ± 18.0

33.6 ± 19.1

29.5 ± 14.8

0.009

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.0 ± 0.9

1.0 ± 1.0

1.0 ± 0.9

1.0 ± 0.8

1.1 ± 1.0

0.305

 Blood nitrogen urea (mg/dL)

7.1 ± 3.5

7.0 ± 2.9

7.1 ± 4.1

7.1 ± 3.5

7.2 ± 3.6

0.967

 eGFR (mL/min × 1.73 m2)

82.9 ± 24.5

83.2 ± 23.4

83.8 ± 24.5

83.9 ± 22.6

80.9 ± 27.2

0.455

 Uric acid (μmol/L)

362.5 ± 104.5

340.6 ± 92.6

358.6 ± 100.4

372.0 ± 112.3

379.0 ± 108.2

 < 0.001

 Sodium (mmol/L)

138.8 ± 3.0

138.9 ± 2.9

139.1 ± 3.1

138.8 ± 2.8

138.7 ± 3.2

0.487

 Potassium (mmol/L)

4.2 ± 0.5

4.2 ± 0.4

4.3 ± 0.5

4.2 ± 0.4

4.1 ± 0.5

0.013

 Calcium (mmol/L)

2.3 ± 0.1

2.3 ± 0.1

2.3 ± 0.1

2.3 ± 0.1

2.3 ± 0.1

 < 0.001

 Magnesium (mmol/L)

0.9 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.1

0.105

 White blood cell (109/L)

7.8 ± 2.4

6.6 ± 2.0

7.3 ± 1.7

7.9 ± 1.8

9.4 ± 3.0

 < 0.001

 Haemoglobin (g/dL)

134.8 ± 19.4

132.4 ± 19.8

135.3 ± 18.8

136.0 ± 19.2

135.5 ± 19.5

0.135

 Monocyte (109/L)

0.5 ± 0.2

0.3 ± 0.1

0.4 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1

0.7 ± 0.2

 < 0.001

 Platelet (109/L)

221.5 ± 66.0

210.8 ± 67.1

215.3 ± 62.0

220.6 ± 61.3

239.6 ± 69.7

 < 0.001

 hs-CRP

6.1 ± 7.9

3.3 ± 5.5

4.7 ± 6.9

6.8 ± 8.0

9.9 ± 9.0

 < 0.001

 MHR (109/mmol)

0.51 ± 0.25

0.26 ± 0.05

0.40 ± 0.03

0.54 ± 0.05

0.84 ± 0.22

 < 0.001

Medication use, n (%)

      

 Aspirin

1043 (99.4)

265 (100.0)

259 (99.2)

258 (98.9)

261 (99.6)

0.335

 Clopidogrel

869 (82.8)

224 (84.5)

222 (85.1)

213 (81.6)

210 (80.2)

0.385

 Ticagrelor

180 (17.2)

41 (15.5)

39 (14.9)

48 (18.4)

52 (19.9)

0.385

 Statins

1038 (99.0)

265 (100.0)

256 (98.1)

258 (98.9)

259 (98.9)

0.191

 Ezetimibe

268 (25.6)

58 (21.9)

73 (28.0)

71 (27.2)

66 (25.2)

0.382

 ACEI

90 (8.6)

26 (9.8)

21 (8.1)

16 (6.1)

27 (10.3)

0.308

 ARB

147 (14.0)

37 (14.0)

28 (10.7)

48 (18.4)

34 (13.0)

0.081

 Beta-blockers

641 (61.1)

151 (57.0)

150 (57.5)

165 (63.2)

175 (66.8)

0.060

 CCB

200 (19.1)

52 (19.6)

55 (21.1)

55 (21.1)

38 (14.5)

0.176

 Diuretics

      

  Loop diuretics

630 (60.1)

150 (56.6)

146 (55.9)

147 (56.3)

187 (71.4)

 < 0.001

  Thiazide diuretics

61 (5.8)

20 (7.6)

13 (5.0)

17 (6.5)

11 (4.2)

0.352

  Spironolactone

494 (47.1)

124 (46.8)

118 (45.2)

127 (48.7)

125 (47.7)

0.878

  Tolvaptan

31 (3.0)

7 (2.6)

8 (3.1)

4 (1.5)

12 (4.6)

0.225

  Sacubitril/valsartan

368 (35.1)

85 (32.1)

97 (37.2)

86 (33.0)

100 (38.2)

0.367

 Oral hypoglycemic agents

      

  Metformin

268 (25.6)

54 (20.4)

64 (24.5)

72 (27.6)

78 (29.8)

0.075

  Alpha‑glucosidase inhibitor

195 (18.6)

54 (20.4)

45 (17.2)

46 (17.6)

50 (19.1)

0.783

  Sulfonylurea

55 (5.2)

21 (7.9)

14 (5.4)

6 (2.3)

14 (5.3)

0.038

  SGLT2 inhibitor

402 (38.3)

98 (37.0)

104 (39.9)

101 (38.7)

99 (37.8)

0.142

  DDP4 depressor

70 (6.7)

11 (4.2)

16 (6.1)

15 (5.8)

28 (10.7)

0.019

 Insulin

402 (38.3)

101 (38.1)

96 (36.8)

96 (36.8)

109 (41.6)

0.632

 Oral anticoagulants

      

  Warfarin

20 (1.9)

4 (1.5)

5 (1.9)

6 (2.3)

5 (1.9)

0.932

  Factor Xa inhibitors

17 (1.6)

6 (2.3)

5 (1.9)

3 (1.2)

3 (1.2)

0.667

  Factor IIa inhibitors

10 (1.0)

3 (1.1)

4 (1.5)

2 (0.8)

1 (0.4)

0.568

  1. The normal distributed continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD. The abnormal distributed continuous variables are presented as median (25th, 75th). Categorical variables were presented as number (percentage). P values were calculated using analysis of variance. ANOVA (for normal distributed continuous data), Kruskal–Wallis (for abnormal distributed continuous data), and Chi-square (for categorical data) tests were used to compare differences in variables between different MHR quantiles
  2. P < 0.05 (in bold)
  3. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, dilated blood pressure; HR, heart rate; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; NYHA, New York Heart Association; LVDs, Left ventricular end systolic diameter; LVDd, Left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular injection fraction; LM, left main artery; LAD, left anterior descending artery; LCX, left circumflex artery; RCA, right coronary artery; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin A1c; GA, Glycated albumin; BNP, B-natriuretic peptide; FBG, fibrinogen; INR, International normalized ratio; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; MHR, monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker; GLP1, glucagon-like peptide 1; SGLT2, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2; DDP4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor
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European Journal of Medical Research

ISSN: 2047-783X

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