Fig. 2

Renal pathological characteristics in some patients with serum monoclone or renal monoIg positivity. A–D Representative cases of amyloidosis, cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis, cast nephropathy and light chain restricted IgA nephropathy. A1 The glomerulus exhibited expansion of the mesangium and thickening of capillary walls by amorphous material (HE,  ×  400); A2 negative κ light chain and A3 positive λ light chain (IF,  ×  400); A4 8–12 nm nonbranching fibrils in the subepithelial and mesangial areas (EM,  ×  40,000); B1 the glomerulus exhibited cryoglobulin pseudothrombi in the glomerular capillary lumens (HE,  ×  400); B2 positive κ light chain and B3 negative λ light chain (IF,  ×  200); B4 large and curved fibrils seen in subendothelial deposits (EM,  ×  10,000); C1 a large eosinophilic and fractured cast with interstitial inflammation (HE,  ×  200); C2 negative κ light chain and C3 positive λ light chain (IF,  ×  200); C4 fractured cast with multinucleated giant cell reaction (EM,  ×  1000); D1 the glomerulus showed mesangial proliferation (HE,  ×  400); D2 negative κ light chain and D3 positive λ light chain (IF,  ×  400); D4 mesangial expansion with amorphous dense deposits (EM,  ×  2000)